Package 'selenium'

Title: Low-Level Browser Automation Interface
Description: An implementation of 'W3C WebDriver 2.0' (<https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/>), allowing interaction with a 'Selenium Server' (<https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/>) instance from 'R'. Allows a web browser to be automated from 'R'.
Authors: Ashby Thorpe [aut, cre, cph]
Maintainer: Ashby Thorpe <[email protected]>
License: MIT + file LICENSE
Version: 0.1.4.9000
Built: 2024-11-22 05:37:58 UTC
Source: https://github.com/ashbythorpe/selenium-r

Help Index


Press, release or move the mouse

Description

Mouse actions to be passed into actions_stream(). actions_mousedown() represents pressing a button on the mouse, while actions_mouseup() represents releasing a button. actions_mousemove() represents moving the mouse.

Usage

actions_mousedown(
  button = c("left", "right", "middle"),
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  pressure = NULL,
  tangential_pressure = NULL,
  tilt_x = NULL,
  tilt_y = NULL,
  twist = NULL,
  altitude_angle = NULL,
  azimuth_angle = NULL
)

actions_mouseup(
  button = c("left", "right", "middle"),
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  pressure = NULL,
  tangential_pressure = NULL,
  tilt_x = NULL,
  tilt_y = NULL,
  twist = NULL,
  altitude_angle = NULL,
  azimuth_angle = NULL
)

actions_mousemove(
  x,
  y,
  duration = NULL,
  origin = c("viewport", "pointer"),
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  pressure = NULL,
  tangential_pressure = NULL,
  tilt_x = NULL,
  tilt_y = NULL,
  twist = NULL,
  altitude_angle = NULL,
  azimuth_angle = NULL
)

Arguments

button

The mouse button to press.

width

The 'width' of the click, a number.

height

The 'height' of the click, a number.

pressure

The amount of pressure to apply to the click: a number between 0 and 1.

tangential_pressure

A number between 0 and 1.

tilt_x

A whole number between -90 and 90.

tilt_y

A whole number between -90 and 90.

twist

A whole number between 0 and 359.

altitude_angle

A number between 0 and pi/2.

azimuth_angle

A number between 0 and 2*pi.

x

The x coordinate of the mouse movement.

y

The y coordinate of the mouse movement.

duration

The duration of the mouse movement, in seconds.

origin

The point from which x and y are measured. Can be a WebElement object, in which case x and y are measured from the center of the element.

Value

A selenium_action object.

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_mousedown("left", width = 1, height = 1, pressure = 0.5),
  actions_mouseup("left", width = 100, height = 50, pressure = 1),
  actions_mousemove(x = 1, y = 1, duration = 1, origin = "pointer")
)

Wait for a period of time

Description

A pause action to be passed into actions_stream(). Waits for a given number of seconds before performing the next action in the stream.

Usage

actions_pause(seconds)

Arguments

seconds

The number of seconds to wait for.

Value

A selenium_action object.

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_pause(1)
)

Press or release a key

Description

Key actions to be passed into actions_stream(). actions_press() represents pressing a key on the keyboard, while actions_release() represents releasing a key.

Usage

actions_press(key)

actions_release(key)

Arguments

key

The key to press: a string consisting of a single character. Use the keys object to use special keys (e.g. Ctrl).

Value

A selenium_action object.

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_press("a"),
  actions_release("a"),
  actions_press(keys$enter),
  actions_release(keys$enter)
)

Scroll the page

Description

Scroll actions to be passed into actions_stream(). Scroll the page in a given direction.

Usage

actions_scroll(x, y, delta_x, delta_y, duration = NULL, origin = "viewport")

Arguments

x

The x coordinate from which the scroll action originates from.

y

The y coordinate from which the scroll action originates from.

delta_x

The number of pixels to scroll in the x direction.

delta_y

The number of pixels to scroll in the y direction.

duration

The duration of the scroll, in seconds.

origin

The point from which x and y are measured. Can be a WebElement object, in which case x and y are measured from the center of the element. Otherwise, origin must be "viewport".

Value

A selenium_action object.

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_scroll(x = 1, y = 1, delta_x = 1, delta_y = 1, duration = 0.5)
)

Create a set of actions to be performed

Description

actions_stream() creates a set of actions to be performed by SeleniumSession$perform_actions(). Actions are a low level way to interact with a page.

Usage

actions_stream(...)

Arguments

...

selenium_action objects: the actions to perform.

Value

A selenium_actions_stream object, ready to be passed into SeleniumSession$perform_actions().

See Also

Examples

actions_stream(
  actions_press(keys$enter),
  actions_pause(0.5),
  actions_release(keys$enter),
  actions_scroll(x = 1, y = 1, delta_x = 1, delta_y = 1, duration = 0.5),
  actions_mousemove(x = 1, y = 1, duration = 1, origin = "pointer")
)

Custom browser options

Description

Create browser options to pass into the capabilities argument of SeleniumSession$new().

Usage

chrome_options(
  binary = NULL,
  args = NULL,
  extensions = NULL,
  prefs = NULL,
  ...
)

firefox_options(binary = NULL, args = NULL, profile = NULL, prefs = NULL, ...)

edge_options(binary = NULL, args = NULL, extensions = NULL, prefs = NULL, ...)

Arguments

binary

Path to the browser binary.

args

A character vector of additional arguments to pass to the browser.

extensions

A character vector of paths to browser extension (.crx) files. These will be base64 encoded before being passed to the browser. If you have already encoded the extensions, you can pass them using I(). For Firefox, use a profile to load extensions.

prefs

A named list of preferences to set in the browser.

...

Additional options to pass to the browser.

profile

Path to a Firefox profile directory. This will be base64 encoded before being passed to the browser.

Details

These functions allow you to more easily translate between Selenium code in other languages (e.g. Java/Python) to R. For example, consider the following Java code, adapted from the the Selenium documentation

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();

options.setBinary("/path/to/chrome");
options.addArguments("--headless", "--disable-gpu");
options.addExtensions("/path/to/extension.crx");
options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", List.of("disable-popup-blocking"));

This can be translated to R as follows:

chrome_options(
  binary = "/path/to/chrome",
  args = c("--headless", "--disable-gpu"),
  extensions = "/path/to/extension.crx",
  excludeSwitches = list("disable-popup-blocking")
)

You can combine these options with non-browser specific options simply using c().

Note that Microsoft Edge options are very similar to Chrome options, since it is based on Chromium.

Value

A list of browser options, with Chrome options under the name goog:chromeOptions, Firefox options under moz:firefoxOptions, and Edge options under ms:edgeOptions.

See Also

For more information and examples on Chrome options, see: https://developer.chrome.com/docs/chromedriver/capabilities

For Firefox options: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/firefoxOptions

For other options that affect Firefox but are not under mox:firefoxOptions, see: https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/testing/geckodriver/Capabilities.html

For Edge options, see: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/webdriver-chromium/capabilities-edge-options#edgeoptions-object

Examples

# Basic options objects
chrome_options(
  binary = "/path/to/chrome",
  args = c("--headless", "--disable-gpu"),
  detatch = TRUE, # An additional option described in the link above.
  prefs = list(
    "profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications" = 2
  )
)


firefox_options(binary = "/path/to/firefox")

edge_options(binary = "/path/to/edge")

# Setting the user agent
chrome_options(args = c("--user-agent=My User Agent"))

edge_options(args = c("--user-agent=My User Agent"))

firefox_options(prefs = list(
  "general.useragent.override" = "My User Agent"
))

# Using a proxy server

chrome_options(args = c("--proxy-server=HOST:PORT"))

edge_options(args = c("--proxy-server=HOST:PORT"))

PORT <- 1
firefox_options(prefs = list(
  "network.proxy.type" = 1,
  "network.proxy.socks" = "HOST",
  "network.proxy.socks_port" = PORT,
  "network.proxy.socks_remote_dns" = FALSE
))

# Combining with other options
browser_options <- chrome_options(binary = "/path/to/chrome")

c(browser_options, list(platformName = "Windows"))

Combine special keys

Description

When a chord of keys is passed into WebElement$send_keys(), all keys will be pressed in order, and then released at the end. This is simply done by combining the keys into a single string, and appending the NULL key (keys$null) to the end. This is useful for keybindings like Ctrl-V, where you want the Ctrl key to be released after the action.

Usage

key_chord(...)

Arguments

...

The keys to be combined (strings).

Value

A string.

Examples

# `Ctrl-V` will be pressed, then `Ctrl-Alt-V`
paste0(
  keys$control, "v",
  keys$alt, "v"
)

# `Ctrl-V` will be pressed, then `Alt-V`
paste0(
  key_chord(keys$control, "v"),
  key_chord(keys$alt, "v")
)

A list of special keys

Description

A named list of special keys, where each key is a single Unicode character, which will be interpreted by selenium as a special key. Each key is just a string, so can be used with string manipulation functions like paste() without any special treatment.

Usage

keys

Format

An object of class list of length 65.

Examples

keys$enter

Download and start the Selenium server.

Description

[Experimental]

Downloads the latest release of Selenium Server, and then runs it as a background process. You must have Java installed for this command to work.

Usage

selenium_server(
  version = "latest",
  selenium_manager = TRUE,
  interactive = TRUE,
  verbose = TRUE,
  temp = TRUE,
  path = NULL,
  echo_cmd = FALSE,
  extra_args = c()
)

Arguments

version

The version of Selenium Server to download and run. By default, the latest major or minor release is used.

selenium_manager

Whether to enable Selenium Manager, which will automatically download any missing drivers. Defaults to TRUE.

interactive

By default, if you don't have a version downloaded, you will be prompted to confirm that you want to download it, and the function will error if rlang::is_interactive() returns FALSE. To allow this function to work in a non-interactive setting, set this to FALSE.

verbose

Passed into utils::download.file(). Note that setting this to FALSE will not disable the prompt if a file needs to be downloaded.

temp

Whether to use a temporary directory to download the Selenium Server .jar file. This will ensure that the file is deleted after it is used, but means that you will have to redownload the file with every new R session. If FALSE, the file is saved in your user data directory.

path

The path where the downloaded Selenium Server .jar file will be saved. Overrides temp.

echo_cmd

Passed into processx::process$new().

extra_args

A character vector of extra arguments to pass into the Selenium Server call. See the list of options here: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/configuration/cli_options/

Value

A processx::process object. Call ⁠<process>$kill()⁠ to stop the server.

See Also

The package website for more ways to start the Selenium server.

Examples

## Not run: 
# Disables the prompt that asks you whether you want to download Selenium server
server <- selenium_server(interactive = FALSE)

# Saves the server in your user data directory
server <- selenium_server(temp = FALSE)
server$kill()

# The server doesn't have to be downloaded again
server <- selenium_server(temp = FALSE)

# Here we use extra arguments to increase the timeout of client sessions,
# allowing sessions to stay open for longer without being automatically
# terminated.
server <- selenium_server(extra_args = c("--session-timeout", "3000"))

## End(Not run)

Start a Selenium Client session

Description

This class represents the client to a Selenium session. It will only work if a Selenium server instance is running. If you get an error, use selenium_server_available() to check if a server is running. See the package README for more information, or use selenium_server() to try and start a server automatically.

Public fields

id

The id of the session, generated when the session is started.

browser

The browser that the session is using.

port

The port that the session is using.

host

The host that the session is running on.

Methods

Public methods


Method new()

Create a Selenium session: opening a browser which can be controlled by the Selenium client.

Usage
SeleniumSession$new(
  browser = "firefox",
  port = 4444L,
  host = "localhost",
  verbose = FALSE,
  capabilities = NULL,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
browser

The name of the browser to use (e.g. "chrome", "firefox", "edge").

port

The port that the Selenium server is using, so we can connect to it.

host

The host that the Selenium server is running on. This is usually 'localhost' (i.e. your own machine).

verbose

Whether to print the web requests that are being sent and any responses.

capabilities

A list of capabilities to pass to the Selenium server, to combine with the defaults generated using browser. See chrome_options(), firefox_options(), and edge_options().

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server. Overrides capabilities.

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A SeleniumSession object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new(verbose = TRUE)

session$close()
}

Method create_webelement()

Create a WebElement object using the parameters of the current session.

Usage
SeleniumSession$create_webelement(id)
Arguments
id

The element id.

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "*")

element2 <- session$create_webelement(id = element$id)

session$close()
}

Method create_shadowroot()

Create a ShadowRoot object using the parameters of the current session.

Usage
SeleniumSession$create_shadowroot(id)
Arguments
id

The shadow root id.

Returns

A ShadowRoot object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

shadow_root <- session$create_shadowroot(id = "foo")

session$close()
}

Method close()

Close the current session. Once a session is closed, its methods will no longer work. However, the Selenium server will still be running.

Usage
SeleniumSession$close(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$close()
}

Method status()

Get the status of the Selenium server. Unlike all other methods, this method is independent of the session itself (meaning it can be used even after SeleniumSession$close() is called). It is identical to get_server_status(), but uses the host, port and verbose options passed to the session, for convenience.

Usage
SeleniumSession$status(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A list that can (but may not always) contain the following fields:

  • ready: Whether the server is ready to be connected to. This should always be returned by the server.

  • message: A message about the status of the server.

  • uptime: How long the server has been running.

  • nodes: Information about the slots that the server can take.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$status()

session$close()

session$status()
}

Method get_timeouts()

Get the timeouts of the current session. There are three types of timeouts:

  • session script timeout: The amount of time that the server will wait for scripts to run. Defaults to 3 seconds.

  • page load timeout: The amount of time that the server will wait for the page to load. Defaults to 30 seconds.

  • implicit wait: The amount of time that the server will wait for elements to be located, or for elements to become interactable when required. Defaults to 0 seconds.

Usage
SeleniumSession$get_timeouts(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A list with three items: script, page_load, and implicit.

Examples
\dontrun{

session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$get_timeouts()

session$close()
}

Method set_timeouts()

Set the timeouts of the current session. The types of timeouts are defined in SeleniumSession$get_timeouts().

Usage
SeleniumSession$set_timeouts(
  script = NULL,
  page_load = NULL,
  implicit_wait = NULL,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
script

The amount of time to wait for scripts. By default, this is not set.

page_load

The amount of time to wait for the page to load.

implicit_wait

The amount of time to wait for elements on the page.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$set_timeouts(script = 100)

session$get_timeouts()

session$close()
}

Method navigate()

Navigate to a URL.

Usage
SeleniumSession$navigate(url, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
url

The URL to navigate to. Must begin with a protocol (e.g. 'https://').

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request.

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$close()
}

Method current_url()

Get the current URL.

Usage
SeleniumSession$current_url(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The URL of the current page.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$current_url()

session$close()
}

Method back()

Go back in the navigation history.

Usage
SeleniumSession$back(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$navigate("https://www.tidyverse.org")

session$back()

session$current_url()

session$close()
}

Method forward()

Go forward in the navigation history.

Usage
SeleniumSession$forward(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$navigate("https://www.tidyverse.org")

session$back()

session$forward()

session$current_url()

session$close()
}

Method refresh()

Reload the current page.

Usage
SeleniumSession$refresh(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$refresh()

session$close()
}

Method title()

Get the title of the current page.

Usage
SeleniumSession$title(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The title of the current page.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$title()

session$close()
}

Method window_handle()

Get the current window handle.

Usage
SeleniumSession$window_handle(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The handle of the current window (a string).

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$window_handle()

session$close()
}

Method close_window()

Close the current window.

Usage
SeleniumSession$close_window(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$new_window()

session$close_window()

session$close()
}

Method switch_to_window()

Switch to a specific window.

Usage
SeleniumSession$switch_to_window(handle, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
handle

The handle of the window to switch to.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handle <- session$window_handle()

handle2 <- session$new_window()$handle

session$switch_to_window(handle)

session$switch_to_window(handle2)

session$close()
}

Method window_handles()

Get the handles of all open windows.

Usage
SeleniumSession$window_handles(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The handles of all open windows (a list of strings).

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handles <- session$window_handles()

session$close()
}

Method new_window()

Create a new window. Note that this window is not automatically switched to.

Usage
SeleniumSession$new_window(
  type = c("tab", "window"),
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
type

Whether to create a tab or a window.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A list containing two elements:

  • handle: The handle of the new window.

  • type: The type of window. ("tab" or "window").

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handle <- session$new_window()$handle

session$switch_to_window(handle)

session$close()
}

Method switch_to_frame()

Frames allow you to split a window into multiple sections, where each section can load a separate HTML document. This function allows you to switch to a specific frame, given its ID, meaning that frame will become the current browsing context.

Usage
SeleniumSession$switch_to_frame(id = NA, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
id

The ID of the frame to switch to. By default, the top-level browsing context is switched to (i.e. not a frame). This can also be a WebElement object, in which case the frame that contains said element will be switched to.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$switch_to_frame()

session$close()
}

Method switch_to_parent_frame()

Switch to the parent frame of the current frame.

Usage
SeleniumSession$switch_to_parent_frame(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$switch_to_frame()

session$switch_to_parent_frame()

session$close()
}

Method get_window_rect()

Get the size and position of the current window.

Usage
SeleniumSession$get_window_rect(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A list containing four elements:

  • x: The x position of the window relative to the left of the screen.

  • y: The y position of the window relative to the top of the screen.

  • width: The width of the window.

  • height: The height of the window.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$get_window_rect()

session$close()
}

Method set_window_rect()

Set the size and position of the current window.

Usage
SeleniumSession$set_window_rect(
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  x = NULL,
  y = NULL,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
width

The width of the window.

height

The height of the window.

x

The x position of the window relative to the left of the screen.

y

The y position of the window relative to the top of the screen.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$set_window_rect(width = 800, height = 600, x = 2, y = 3)

session$close()
}

Method maximize_window()

Maximize the current window. This makes the window the maximum size it can be, without being full screen.

Usage
SeleniumSession$maximize_window(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$maximize_window()

session$close()
}

Method minimize_window()

Minimize the current window. This hides the window.

Usage
SeleniumSession$minimize_window(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$minimize_window()

session$close()
}

Method fullscreen_window()

Make the window full screen.

Usage
SeleniumSession$fullscreen_window(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$fullscreen_window()

session$close()
}

Method get_active_element()

Get the currently active element.

Usage
SeleniumSession$get_active_element(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_active_element()

session$close()
}

Method find_element()

Find the first element matching a selector.

Usage
SeleniumSession$find_element(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
using

The type of selector to use.

value

The value of the selector: a string.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")

session$find_element(using = "xpath", value = "//div[contains(@class, 'col-xs')]/h1")

session$close()
}

Method find_elements()

Find all elements matching a selector.

Usage
SeleniumSession$find_elements(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
using

The type of selector to use.

value

The value of the selector: a string.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A list of WebElement objects.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "h1")

session$find_elements(using = "xpath", value = "//h1")

session$close()
}

Method get_page_source()

Get the HTML source of the current page, serialized as a string.

Usage
SeleniumSession$get_page_source(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_page_source()

session$close()
}

Method execute_script()

Execute a JavaScript script.

Usage
SeleniumSession$execute_script(x, ..., request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
x

The script to execute. To return a value, do so explicitly, e.g. ⁠return 1⁠.

...

Additional arguments to pass to the script. These can be accessed in the script using the arguments array. Can be WebElement objects or lists of such objects, which will be converted to nodes.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The return value of the script. Nodes or lists of nodes will be converted to WebElement objects.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("return 1")

session$execute_script("return arguments[0] + arguments[1]", 1, 2)

element <- session$find_element(value = "*")

session$execute_script("return arguments[0]", element)

session$close()
}

Method execute_async_script()

Execute an asynchronous JavaScript script, waiting for a value to be returned.

Usage
SeleniumSession$execute_async_script(x, ..., request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
x

The script to execute. Unlike execute_script(). You return an value using the callback function, which can be accessed using arguments[arguments.length - 1]. For example, to return 1, you would write arguments[arguments.length - 1](1). This allows you to write asynchronous JavaScript, but treat it like synchronous R code.

...

Additional arguments to pass to the script. Can be WebElement objects or lists of such objects, which will be converted to nodes.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The return value of the script. Nodes or lists of nodes will be converted to WebElement objects.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_async_script("
  let callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
  callback(1)
")

session$close()
}

Method get_cookies()

Get all cookies.

Usage
SeleniumSession$get_cookies(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A list of cookies. Each cookie is a list with a name and value field, along with some other optional fields.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_cookies()

session$close()
}

Method get_cookie()

Get a specific cookie using its name.

Usage
SeleniumSession$get_cookie(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
name

The name of the cookie.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The cookie object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "foo", value = "bar"))

session$get_cookie("foo")

session$close()
}

Method add_cookie()

Add a cookie to the cookie store of the current document.

Usage
SeleniumSession$add_cookie(cookie, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
cookie

The cookie object to add: a list which must contain a name and value field.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "my_cookie", value = "1"))

session$close()
}

Method delete_cookie()

Delete a cookie using its name.

Usage
SeleniumSession$delete_cookie(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
name

The name of the cookie.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "foo", value = "bar"))

session$delete_cookie("foo")

session$close()
}

Method delete_all_cookies()

Delete all cookies in the cookie store of the current document.

Usage
SeleniumSession$delete_all_cookies(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$delete_all_cookies()

session$close()
}

Method perform_actions()

Perform a sequence of actions.

Usage
SeleniumSession$perform_actions(
  actions,
  release_actions = TRUE,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
actions

A selenium_actions_stream object, created using actions_stream().

release_actions

Whether to call release_actions() after performing the actions.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

actions <- actions_stream(
  actions_press(keys$enter),
  actions_pause(0.5),
  actions_release(keys$enter)
)

session$perform_actions(actions)

session$close()
}

Method release_actions()

Release all keys and pointers that were pressed using perform_actions().

Usage
SeleniumSession$release_actions(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

actions <- actions_stream(
  actions_press("a")
)

session$perform_actions(actions, release_actions = FALSE)

session$release_actions()

session$close()
}

Method dismiss_alert()

Dismiss the current alert, if present.

Usage
SeleniumSession$dismiss_alert(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$dismiss_alert()

session$close()
}

Method accept_alert()

Accept the current alert, if present.

Usage
SeleniumSession$accept_alert(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$accept_alert()

session$close()
}

Method get_alert_text()

Get the message of the current alert, if present.

Usage
SeleniumSession$get_alert_text(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The message of the current alert (a string).

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$get_alert_text()

session$close()
}

Method send_alert_text()

Send text to the current alert, if present. Useful if the alert is a prompt.

Usage
SeleniumSession$send_alert_text(text, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
text

The text to send.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The session object, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("prompt('Enter text:')")

session$send_alert_text("hello")

session$close()
}

Method screenshot()

Take a screenshot of the current page.

Usage
SeleniumSession$screenshot(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The base64-encoded PNG screenshot, as a string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$screenshot()

session$close()
}

Method print_page()

Render the current page as a PDF.

Usage
SeleniumSession$print_page(
  orientation = c("portrait", "landscape"),
  scale = 1,
  background = FALSE,
  width = NULL,
  height = NULL,
  margin = NULL,
  footer = NULL,
  header = NULL,
  shrink_to_fit = NULL,
  page_ranges = NULL,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
orientation

The page orientation, either "portrait" or "landscape".

scale

The page scale, a number between 0.1 and 2.

background

Whether to print the background of the page.

width

The page width, in inches.

height

The page height, in inches.

margin

The page margin, in inches. Either a number, in which case the margin on all sides are set to that value, or a list of four numbers, with names left, right, top, and bottom, in which case the margin on each side is set individually.

footer

The page footer, as a string.

header

The page header, as a string.

shrink_to_fit

Whether to shrink the page to fit the width and height.

page_ranges

A list of page ranges (e.g. "1", "1-3") to print.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The base64-encoded PDF, as a string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$print_page()

session$close()
}

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage
SeleniumSession$clone(deep = FALSE)
Arguments
deep

Whether to make a deep clone.

Examples

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$new`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new(verbose = TRUE)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$create_webelement`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "*")

element2 <- session$create_webelement(id = element$id)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$create_shadowroot`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

shadow_root <- session$create_shadowroot(id = "foo")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$close`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$status`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$status()

session$close()

session$status()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_timeouts`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 

session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$get_timeouts()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$set_timeouts`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$set_timeouts(script = 100)

session$get_timeouts()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$navigate`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$current_url`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$current_url()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$back`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$navigate("https://www.tidyverse.org")

session$back()

session$current_url()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$forward`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$navigate("https://www.tidyverse.org")

session$back()

session$forward()

session$current_url()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$refresh`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$refresh()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$title`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$title()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$window_handle`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$window_handle()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$close_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$new_window()

session$close_window()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$switch_to_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handle <- session$window_handle()

handle2 <- session$new_window()$handle

session$switch_to_window(handle)

session$switch_to_window(handle2)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$window_handles`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handles <- session$window_handles()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$new_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

handle <- session$new_window()$handle

session$switch_to_window(handle)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$switch_to_frame`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$switch_to_frame()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$switch_to_parent_frame`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$switch_to_frame()

session$switch_to_parent_frame()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_window_rect`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$get_window_rect()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$set_window_rect`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$set_window_rect(width = 800, height = 600, x = 2, y = 3)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$maximize_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$maximize_window()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$minimize_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$minimize_window()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$fullscreen_window`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$fullscreen_window()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_active_element`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_active_element()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$find_element`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")

session$find_element(using = "xpath", value = "//div[contains(@class, 'col-xs')]/h1")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$find_elements`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "h1")

session$find_elements(using = "xpath", value = "//h1")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_page_source`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_page_source()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$execute_script`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("return 1")

session$execute_script("return arguments[0] + arguments[1]", 1, 2)

element <- session$find_element(value = "*")

session$execute_script("return arguments[0]", element)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$execute_async_script`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_async_script("
  let callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
  callback(1)
")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_cookies`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$get_cookies()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_cookie`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "foo", value = "bar"))

session$get_cookie("foo")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$add_cookie`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "my_cookie", value = "1"))

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$delete_cookie`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$add_cookie(list(name = "foo", value = "bar"))

session$delete_cookie("foo")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$delete_all_cookies`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$delete_all_cookies()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$perform_actions`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

actions <- actions_stream(
  actions_press(keys$enter),
  actions_pause(0.5),
  actions_release(keys$enter)
)

session$perform_actions(actions)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$release_actions`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

actions <- actions_stream(
  actions_press("a")
)

session$perform_actions(actions, release_actions = FALSE)

session$release_actions()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$dismiss_alert`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$dismiss_alert()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$accept_alert`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$accept_alert()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$get_alert_text`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("alert('hello')")

session$get_alert_text()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$send_alert_text`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$execute_script("prompt('Enter text:')")

session$send_alert_text("hello")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$screenshot`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$screenshot()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `SeleniumSession$print_page`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$print_page()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

Create a shadow root

Description

A shadow DOM is a self-contained DOM tree, contained within another DOM tree. A shadow root is an element that contains a DOM subtree. This class represents a shadow root object, allowing you to select elements within the shadow root.

Public fields

id

The id of the shadow root.

Methods

Public methods


Method new()

Initialize a new ShadowRoot object. This should not be called manually: instead use WebElement$shadow_root(), or SeleniumSession$create_shadow_root().

Usage
ShadowRoot$new(session_id, req, verbose, id)
Arguments
session_id

The id of the session.

req, verbose

Private fields of a SeleniumSession object.

id

The id of the shadow root.

Returns

A ShadowRoot object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

element$shadow_root()

session$close()
}

Method find_element()

Find an element in the shadow root.

Usage
ShadowRoot$find_element(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
using

The type of selector to use.

value

The value of the selector: a string.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
  const span = document.createElement('span');
  span.textContent = 'Hello';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

shadow_root$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "span")

session$close()
}

Method find_elements()

Find all elements in a shadow root matching a selector.

Usage
ShadowRoot$find_elements(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
using

The type of selector to use.

value

The value of the selector: a string.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A list of WebElement objects.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
  const span = document.createElement('span');
  span.textContent = 'Hello';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
  const p = document.createElement('p');
  p.textContent = 'Me too!';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(p);
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

shadow_root$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "*")

session$close()
}

Method toJSON()

Convert an element to JSON. This is used by SeleniumSession$execute_script().

Usage
ShadowRoot$toJSON()
Returns

A list, which can then be converted to JSON using jsonlite::toJSON().

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

result <- shadow_root$toJSON()

result

jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)

session$close()
}

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage
ShadowRoot$clone(deep = FALSE)
Arguments
deep

Whether to make a deep clone.

Examples

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ShadowRoot$new`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

element$shadow_root()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ShadowRoot$find_element`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
  const span = document.createElement('span');
  span.textContent = 'Hello';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

shadow_root$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "span")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ShadowRoot$find_elements`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  const shadowRoot = div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
  const span = document.createElement('span');
  span.textContent = 'Hello';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(span);
  const p = document.createElement('p');
  p.textContent = 'Me too!';
  shadowRoot.appendChild(p);
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

shadow_root$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "*")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ShadowRoot$toJSON`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

result <- shadow_root$toJSON()

result

jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)

session$close()

## End(Not run)

Is a selenium server instance running?

Description

wait_for_server() takes a server process returned by selenium_server() and waits for it to respond to status requests. If it doesn't, then an error is thrown detailing any errors in the response and any error messages from the server.

selenium_server_available() returns TRUE if a Selenium server is running on a given port and host. wait_for_selenium_available() waits for the Selenium server to become available for a given time, throwing an error if one does not. It is similar to wait_for_server() except that it works with servers not created by selenium.

get_server_status(), when given a port and host, figures out whether a Selenium server instance is running, and if so, returns its status. This is used by selenium_server_available() to figure out if the server is running.

Usage

wait_for_server(
  server,
  port = 4444L,
  host = "localhost",
  max_time = 60,
  error = TRUE,
  verbose = FALSE,
  timeout = 20
)

selenium_server_available(
  port = 4444L,
  host = "localhost",
  verbose = FALSE,
  timeout = 20
)

wait_for_selenium_available(
  max_time = 60,
  port = 4444L,
  host = "localhost",
  error = TRUE,
  verbose = FALSE,
  timeout = 20
)

get_server_status(
  port = 4444L,
  host = "localhost",
  verbose = FALSE,
  timeout = 20
)

Arguments

server

The process object returned by selenium_server().

port

The port that the Selenium server is using, so we can connect to it.

host

The host that the Selenium server is running on. This is usually 'localhost' (i.e. Your own machine).

max_time

The amount of time to wait for the Selenium server to become available.

error

Whether to throw an error if the web request fails after the timeout is exceeded. If not, and we can't connect to a server, FALSE is returned.

verbose

Whether to print information about the web request that is sent.

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Value

wait_for_server() and wait_for_selenium_available() return TRUE if the server is ready to be connected to, and throw an error otherwise.

selenium_server_available() returns TRUE if a Selenium server is running, and FALSE otherwise.

get_server_status() returns a list that can (but may not always) contain the following fields:

  • ready: Whether the server is ready to be connected to. This should always be returned by the server.

  • message: A message about the status of the server.

  • uptime: How long the server has been running.

  • nodes: Information about the slots that the server can take.

Examples

## Not run: 
server <- selenium_server()

wait_for_server(server)

get_server_status()

selenium_server_available()

wait_for_selenium_available()

## End(Not run)

Create a live element

Description

This class represents a single element on the page. It is created using an existing SeleniumSession instance.

Public fields

id

The id of the element, used to uniquely identify it on the page.

Methods

Public methods


Method new()

Initialize a WebElement object. This should not be called manually: instead use SeleniumSession$create_webelement() if you have an element id. To find elements on the page, use SeleniumSession$find_element() and SeleniumSession$find_elements().

Usage
WebElement$new(session_id, req, verbose, id)
Arguments
session_id

The id of the session that the element belongs to.

req, verbose

Private fields of a SeleniumSession object.

id

The element id.

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")

session$close()
}

Method shadow_root()

A shadow DOM is a self-contained DOM tree, contained within another DOM tree. A shadow root is an element that contains a DOM subtree. This method gets the shadow root property of an element.

Usage
WebElement$shadow_root(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A ShadowRoot object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

session$close()
}

Method find_element()

Find the first element matching a selector, relative to the current element.

Usage
WebElement$find_element(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
using

The type of selector to use.

value

The value of the selector: a string.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A WebElement object.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")

logo_container <- row$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "p")

logo <- logo_container$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "img")

session$close()
}

Method find_elements()

Find all elements matching a selector, relative to the current element.

Usage
WebElement$find_elements(
  using = c("css selector", "xpath", "tag name", "link text", "partial link text"),
  value,
  request_body = NULL,
  timeout = 20
)
Arguments
using

The type of selector to use.

value

The value of the selector: a string.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A list of WebElement objects.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")

links <- row$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "a")

session$close()
}

Method is_selected()

Check if an element is currently selected.

Usage
WebElement$is_selected(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A boolean value: TRUE or FALSE.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$is_selected()

session$close()
}

Method get_attribute()

Get an attribute from an element.

Usage
WebElement$get_attribute(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
name

The name of the attribute.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The value of the attribute: a string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_attribute("href")

session$close()
}

Method get_property()

Get a property from an element. Properties are similar to attributes, but represent the HTML source code of the page, rather than the current state of the DOM.

Usage
WebElement$get_property(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
name

The name of the property.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The value of the property: a string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_property("href")

session$close()
}

Method get_css_value()

Get the computed value of a CSS property.

Usage
WebElement$get_css_value(name, request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
name

The name of the CSS property.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The value of the CSS property: a string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_css_value("color")

session$close()
}

Method get_text()

Get the text content of an element.

Usage
WebElement$get_text(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The text content of the element: a string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_text()

session$close()
}

Method get_tag_name()

Get the tag name of an element.

Usage
WebElement$get_tag_name(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The tag name of the element: a string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_tag_name()

session$close()
}

Method get_rect()

Get the dimensions and coordinates of an element.

Usage
WebElement$get_rect(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A list containing the following elements:

  • x: The x-coordinate of the element.

  • y: The y-coordinate of the element.

  • width: The width of the element in pixels.

  • height: The height of the element in pixels.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_rect()

session$close()
}

Method is_enabled()

Check if an element is currently enabled.

Usage
WebElement$is_enabled(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A boolean value: TRUE or FALSE.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_enabled()

session$close()
}

Method computed_role()

Get the computed role of an element. The role of an element is usually "generic", but is often used when an elements tag name differs from its purpose. For example, a link that is "button-like" in nature may have a "button" role.

Usage
WebElement$computed_role(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_role()

session$close()
}

Method computed_label()

Get the computed label of an element (i.e. The text of the label element that points to the current element).

Usage
WebElement$computed_label(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_label()

session$close()
}

Method click()

Click on an element.

Usage
WebElement$click(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The element, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$click()

session$close()
}

Method clear()

Clear the contents of a text input element.

Usage
WebElement$clear(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The element, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.google.com")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")$clear()

session$close()
}

Method send_keys()

Send keys to an element.

Usage
WebElement$send_keys(..., request_body = NULL, timeout = 20)
Arguments
...

The keys to send (strings). Use keys for special keys, and use key_chord() to send keys combinations.

request_body

A list of request body parameters to pass to the Selenium server, overriding the default body of the web request

timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The element, invisibly.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.google.com")

input <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")

input$send_keys("Hello")

input$send_keys(key_chord(keys$control, "a"), key_chord(keys$control, "c"))

input$send_keys(keys$control, "v")

input$get_attribute("value")

session$close()
}

Method screenshot()

Take a screenshot of an element.

Usage
WebElement$screenshot(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

The base64-encoded PNG screenshot, as a string.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$screenshot()

session$close()
}

Method is_displayed()

Check if an element is displayed. This function may not work on all platforms.

Usage
WebElement$is_displayed(timeout = 20)
Arguments
timeout

How long to wait for a request to recieve a response before throwing an error.

Returns

A boolean.

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_displayed()

session$close()
}

Method toJSON()

Convert an element to JSON. This is used by SeleniumSession$execute_script().

Usage
WebElement$toJSON()
Returns

A list, which can then be converted to JSON using jsonlite::toJSON().

Examples
\dontrun{
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

result <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$toJSON()

result

jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)

session$close()
}

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage
WebElement$clone(deep = FALSE)
Arguments
deep

Whether to make a deep clone.

Examples

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$new`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$shadow_root`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

# Let's create our own Shadow Root using JavaScript
session$execute_script("
  const div = document.createElement('div');
  document.body.appendChild(div);
  div.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
")

element <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "div")

shadow_root <- element$shadow_root()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$find_element`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")

logo_container <- row$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "p")

logo <- logo_container$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "img")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$find_elements`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

row <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = ".row")

links <- row$find_elements(using = "css selector", value = "a")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$is_selected`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$is_selected()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_attribute`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_attribute("href")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_property`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_property("href")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_css_value`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$get_css_value("color")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_text`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_text()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_tag_name`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_tag_name()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$get_rect`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "#download")$get_rect()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$is_enabled`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_enabled()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$computed_role`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_role()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$computed_label`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$computed_label()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$click`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$click()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$clear`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.google.com")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")$clear()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$send_keys`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.google.com")

input <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "textarea")

input$send_keys("Hello")

input$send_keys(key_chord(keys$control, "a"), key_chord(keys$control, "c"))

input$send_keys(keys$control, "v")

input$get_attribute("value")

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$screenshot`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$screenshot()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$is_displayed`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$is_displayed()

session$close()

## End(Not run)

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `WebElement$toJSON`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
session <- SeleniumSession$new()

session$navigate("https://www.r-project.org")

result <- session$find_element(using = "css selector", value = "a")$toJSON()

result

jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE)

session$close()

## End(Not run)